沙黃文化

沙黃文化^[1]（越南語：Văn hóa Sa Huỳnh）是公元前1000年至公元200年期間活躍於越南中南部的一個考古文化。^[2]^[3]這一文化的遺址廣泛分布在從湄公河三角洲到越南中部的廣平省。沙黃文化的人群最可能是占婆人的前身，占婆人是一個南島語民族，後來建立了占婆國。^[4]^:211–217

描述

沙黃遺址在1909年被考古學家發現，遺址中有大量本地生產的鐵製品，例如斧、刀、矛頭、匕首、鐮刀。相對的，在越南北部和大陸東南亞其他地區發現的東山文化遺址中銅製品占據主導地位，與之形成奇妙的對比。沙黃文化中盛行火葬，死者在被火化後被裝到瓮中，之後用蓋子密封。骨灰瓮旁供奉著儀式性的祭品。雙頭動物造型的耳飾也是這一文化的特色，一些學者認為這種雙頭動物描繪的是中南大羚。這些耳飾通常由玉製成，但也有用玻璃製作的。有孔的珠子在沙黃遺址的陪葬品中也大量發現，大部分是由玻璃製成的。

人工製品

青銅匕首
陶罐
陶果盤
陶骨灰瓮
lingling-o
玉制雙頭lingling-o

參見

參考文獻

^ 陳英德（TRAN ANHDUC）.印度文化在占婆的傳播及影響[D].雲南大學,2015.
^ John N. Miksic, Geok Yian Goh, Sue O Connor - Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia 2011 p. 251 "This site dates from the fifth to first century BCE and it is one of the earliest sites of the Sa Huỳnh culture in Thu Bồn Valley (Reinecke et al. 2002, 153–216); 2) Lai Nghi is a prehistoric cemetery richly equipped with iron tools and weapons, ..."
^ Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts 2000 "Right from the early history - before and after the Christian era - over twenty centuries ago, there was a cultural exchange among three major Centres Z Đông Sơn culture in the North, Sa Huỳnh culture in Central and south-eastern Nam Bộ ..."
^ Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd., ISBN 9786167339443

[1] 陳英德（TRAN ANHDUC）.印度文化在占婆的傳播及影響[D].雲南大學,2015.

[2] John N. Miksic, Geok Yian Goh, Sue O Connor - Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia 2011 p. 251 "This site dates from the fifth to first century BCE and it is one of the earliest sites of the Sa Huỳnh culture in Thu Bồn Valley (Reinecke et al. 2002, 153–216); 2) Lai Nghi is a prehistoric cemetery richly equipped with iron tools and weapons, ..."

[3] Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts 2000 "Right from the early history - before and after the Christian era - over twenty centuries ago, there was a cultural exchange among three major Centres Z Đông Sơn culture in the North, Sa Huỳnh culture in Central and south-eastern Nam Bộ ..."

[Higham-4] Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd., ISBN 9786167339443

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