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史丹利·庫柏力克作品列表

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庫柏力克於1975年拍攝《亂世兒女

史丹利·庫柏力克(1928-1999)[1]在其職業生涯中執導了十三部劇情片和三部短紀錄片。他的導演作品橫跨多種類型[2],被認為具有極強的影響力[3][4][5]

庫柏力克於1951年首次執導紀錄短片《搏鬥的日子英語Day of the Fight[a],同年晚些時候又執導了《飛行的牧師英語Flying Padre[b]。1953年,他執導了首部劇情片《恐懼和欲望英語Fear and Desire[c][8]。該片的反戰寓言主題在他後來的電影中也曾多次出現[9][10]。接下來,他拍攝了兩部黑色電影,《死之吻》(1955年)和《謀殺英語The Killing (film)[d](1956年)[12][13]。影評人羅傑·艾伯特對《謀殺》大加讚賞,並稱其為庫柏力克的「第一部成熟的劇情片」[12]。庫柏力克隨後執導了兩部由寇克·道格拉斯主演的好萊塢電影:《勇闖禁區》(1957年)以及《萬夫莫敵》(1960年)[14][15]。後者贏得了金球獎最佳劇情類影片獎[16]。接下來他執導了改編自弗拉基米爾·納博科夫同名小說的《蘿莉塔》(1962年)[17],該片獲得奧斯卡最佳改編劇本獎提名[18]。1964年,希區考克執導了冷戰諷刺電影《奇愛博士》,由彼得·塞勒斯喬治·C·史考特主演[19],該片獲得了英國電影學院獎最佳影片獎[20]。根據爛番茄網站評分,該片與《謀殺英語The Killing (film)》一起,同為庫柏力克執導影片中的評分最高的作品。

1968年,庫柏力克執導了太空史詩《2001:太空漫遊》。現如今,這部電影被廣泛認為是有史以來最具影響力的電影之一[21]。在這部影片上,庫柏力克憑藉其在特效導演方面的出色表現,獲得了他個人唯一的一個奧斯卡獎[22]。他的下一部作品是反烏托邦電影《發條橘子》(1971年),該片是根據安東尼·伯吉斯1962年發表的中篇小說改編而成,最初被評為限制級電影[23][24][25]。由於影片中描繪的「極端暴力」行為引發了犯罪案件,庫柏力克要求在英國停止發行該片[24]。接著,庫柏力克執導了歷史題材影片《亂世兒女》(1975年),這是他從前兩部未來題材影片的轉型之作[26]。該片商業上表現不佳,評價褒貶不一,但在第48屆奧斯卡金像獎上獲得了四個獎項[27][28]。1980年,庫柏力克將史蒂芬·金的小說改編成了電影《鬼店》,由傑克·尼克遜雪莉·杜瓦爾主演[29]。儘管庫柏力克因本片獲得了金酸莓獎最差導演提名[30],但《鬼店》如今被廣泛認為是有史以來最偉大的恐怖電影之一[29][31][32]。七年後,他推出了越南戰爭題材的電影《金甲部隊[33]。這部電影在爛番茄和Metacritic上是庫柏力克後期電影中評分最高的作品。20世紀90年代初,庫柏力克放棄了執導大屠殺電影《雅利安文件》的計劃。他猶豫著是否要與史蒂文·史匹柏的《辛德勒的名單》競爭,並且在大量參與該項目後變得「非常沮喪」[2][34]。他的最後一部電影是情色驚悚片《大開眼戒》,由湯姆·克魯斯妮可·基嫚主演,於1999年在他去世後才上映[35]。庫柏力克稱之為《匹諾曹》的未完成項目,被史匹柏於2001年完成,這就是電影《AIA.I.人工智慧[36][37]

1997年,威尼斯影展授予庫柏力克「終身成就金獅獎」[38]。同年,他獲得了美國導演協會終身成就獎,當時稱為D.W. 格里菲斯終身成就獎[39][40]。1999年,英國電影和電視藝術學院向庫柏力克頒發了大不列顛獎[41]。他去世後,英國電影學院獎為了紀念他,將該獎項重新命名為「史丹利·庫柏力克不列顛電影傑出獎」[42]。2000年,他被追授英國電影學院[43]

電影

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Poster for Paths of Glory featuring Kirk Douglas as a soldier
勇闖禁區》(1957年)的海報
Film poster featuring young girl wearing sunglasses and sucking on a lollipop
蘿莉塔》(1962年)的海報
發條橘子》(1971年)的海報
Table featuring films directed by Stanley Kubrick
年份 片名 片名中文譯名 導演 編劇 製片 備註 引據
1952 Fear and Desire 恐懼和欲望英語Fear and Desire 同時也是剪輯師和攝影師 [9][44]
1955 Killer's Kiss 死之吻 原創故事 [45]
1956 The Killing 謀殺英語The Killing (film) [13]
1957 Paths of Glory 勇闖禁區 [46][47]
1960 Spartacus 萬夫莫敵 [48]
1962 Lolita 蘿莉塔 [49][50]
1964 Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb 奇愛博士 [51]
1968 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001太空漫遊 兼任特效導演及設計師 [22][52]
[53][54]
1971 A Clockwork Orange 發條橘子 [24][55]
1975 Barry Lyndon 亂世兒女 [56][57]
1980 The Shining 鬼店 [58]
1987 Full Metal Jacket 金甲部隊 [33]
1999 Eyes Wide Shut 大開眼戒 去世後上映 [59][60]

紀實短片

Table featuring films directed by Stanley Kubrick
年份 片名 片名中文譯名 導演 編劇 製片 引據
1951 Day of the Fight 搏鬥的日子英語Day of the Fight [61][62]
Flying Padre 飛行的牧師英語Flying Padre [63][64]
1952 World Assembly of Youth 《世界青年大會》 是? [65][66]
1953 The Seafarers 航海家英語The Seafarers [67]

其他

Table featuring films with miscellaneous work by Stanley Kubrick
年份 片名 片名中文譯名 職責 引據
1977 The Spy Who Loved Me 007:海底城 未具名的燈光設計 [68]

電視劇

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1952年,聲音、特效和音樂製作導致《恐懼和欲望》的製作超出預算約53,000美元[69],庫柏力克不得不向製片人理察·德·羅什蒙特英語Richard de Rochemont求助,條件是庫柏力克擔任副導演[70][71],在德·羅什蒙特製作的一部關於亞伯拉罕·林肯的五集傳記系列片中工作。該片由詹姆士·艾吉英語James Agee編劇,諾曼·勞埃德英語Norman Lloyd聯合執導[72][73],是一部為教育類電視連續劇《Omnibus》所拍攝,在肯塔基州霍金維爾實地取景[74][75],主演為羅亞爾·丹諾英語Royal Dano喬安妮·伍德沃德[66][76][74]

評價

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Table featuring the critical reception of films directed by Stanley Kubrick
年份 片名 片名中文譯名 Rotten Tomatoes[77] Metacritic[78]
1953 Fear and Desire 恐懼和欲望英語Fear and Desire 75%(16則評論) 不適用
1955 Killer's Kiss 死之吻 86%(21則評論) 不適用
1956 The Killing 謀殺英語The Killing (film) 98%(41則評論) 91(15則評論)
1957 Paths of Glory 勇闖禁區 95%(60則評論) 90(18則評論)
1960 Spartacus 萬夫莫敵 93%(61則評論) 87(17則評論)
1962 Lolita 蘿莉塔 91%(43則評論) 79(14則評論)
1964 Dr. Strangelove 奇愛博士 98%(91則評論) 97(32則評論)
1968 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001太空漫遊 92%(113則評論) 84(25則評論)
1971 A Clockwork Orange 發條橘子 86%(71則評論) 77(21則評論)
1975 Barry Lyndon 亂世兒女 91%(74則評論) 89(21則評論)
1980 The Shining 鬼店 84%(95則評論) 66(26則評論)
1987 Full Metal Jacket 金甲部隊 92%(83則評論) 76(19則評論)
1999 Eyes Wide Shut 大開眼戒 75%(158則評論) 68(34則評論)

另見

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注釋

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  1. ^ 譯名參考自《庫柏力克的電影》[6]
  2. ^ 譯名參考自《庫柏力克的電影》[7]
  3. ^ 譯名參考自《庫柏力克的電影》[7]
  4. ^ 譯名參考自《庫柏力克的電影》[11]

參考來源

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  30. ^ Marsh, Calum. The man behind the Razzies: 'Brian de Palma had no talent'. The Guardian. January 13, 2016 [January 7, 2021]. (原始內容存檔於November 8, 2020). 
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  76. ^ Hughes, William C. James Agee, Omnibus, and Mr. Lincoln: The Culture of Liberalism and the Challenge of Television, 1952-1953. Scarecrow Press. 2004. ISBN 9780810851757. 
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  79. ^ A.I. Artificial Intelligence. Warner Bros. Pictures. 事件發生在 149 minutes. 2001. 
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參考書目

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外部連結

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