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用戶:PexEric/中華人民共和國核試驗列表

維基百科,自由的百科全書
核試驗
1964年,596工程原子彈爆炸的蕈狀雲
基本信息
國家 中華人民共和國
試驗地點A區域(Nanshan), Lop Nur, China; B區域(Qinggir), Lop Nur, China; C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China; D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China
時期1964—1996
次數47
引爆方法air drop, atmospheric, cratering, high alt rocket (30–80 km), parachuted, 塔爆 underground, underground shaft, tunnel
最大當量4百萬公噸黃色炸藥(17秭焦耳)
使用下方服務在地圖上顯示「中國核試驗」中所有坐標: OpenStreetMap

中華人民共和國核試驗列表記錄了1964年至1996年間中華人民共和國進行的系列核試驗。大多數統計結果表明,中國使用45個裝置進行了45次核試驗,其中有23次為大氣層試驗。所有試驗都是在新疆羅布泊偏遠地區的試驗基地中進行的[1][2]

列表

[編輯]
中華人民共和國核武器測試與爆炸事件
名稱[注 1] 測試時間(UTC 地點英語List of nuclear weapon explosion sites[注 2] 海拔與高度[注 3] 運送方式、
試驗目的[注 4]
裝置名英語List of nuclear weapons[注 5] 當量[注 6] 輻射塵[注 7] References Notes
596工程 1964年10月16日 07:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°48′45″N 89°47′24″E / 40.81246°N 89.7901°E / 40.81246; 89.7901 (Project 596) 807米(2,648英尺) + 102米(335英尺) 塔爆 NGB 22 kt [3][4][5] This pure-fission U-235 implosion fission device named "596" was China's first nuclear test. The device weighed 1,550公斤(3,420磅). No was available at that time.
CHIC-2 1965年5月14日 02:00:??
1965年5月13日[6]
D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (CHIC-2) 807米(2,648英尺) + 500米(1,600英尺) air drop, NGB 35 kt [3][4][5] Militarized version of 596 dropped by Hong-6.
CHIC-3 1966年5月9日 08:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°47′11″N 89°43′37″E / 40.7864°N 89.727°E / 40.7864; 89.727 (CHIC-3) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, Soviet Sloika design 250 kt [3][4][5] First use of -6 in a Soviet sloika design (other source says it was boosted fission); probably test of a thermonuclear primary. Said to have dropped on a 640英尺(200米) white circle.
CHIC-4 1966年10月27日 01:10:?? Launch from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, China 41°18′28″N 100°18′55″E / 41.30782°N 100.31528°E / 41.30782; 100.31528 (Launch_CHIC-4), elv: 1,035加0米(3,396加0英尺);
Detonation over D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (CHIC-4)
N/A + 569米(1,867英尺) high alt rocket (30–80 km),
weapons development
東風系列導彈 warhead "548" 12 kt [3][4][5] Delivery by CSS-1 MRBM Dong Feng-2 launched from Shuangchengzi Air Base, 894 km(556 mi) east of detonation.
CHIC-5 1966年12月28日 04:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (CHIC-5) 807米(2,648英尺) + 102米(335英尺) 塔爆 300 kt [3][4][5] Boosted fission (U235); test used to confirm the design principles of a two-stage device.
CHIC-6英語Test No. 6 1967年6月17日 00:19:08.2 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°44′38″N 89°46′30″E / 40.744°N 89.775°E / 40.744; 89.775 (CHIC-6) 807米(2,648英尺) + 2,960米(9,710英尺) parachuted, NGB/DF-3 warhead 3.3 Mt [3][4][5][7] China's first full-yield multi-stage thermonuclear test (U235).
CHIC-7 1967年12月24日 07:30:22.1 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (CHIC-7) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, 20 kt [3][4][5] Fizzled英語fizzle (nuclear test) thermonuke. Exact time of 07:30:22.1 verified by USAF AFTAC duty operator William Scott. Recorded air burst signal scaled by Scott the next day at Turkmen Deh, Iran. Erroneous reports exist that show a time of 04:00:00.
CHIC-8 1968年12月27日 07:30:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (CHIC-8) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, NGB/DF-3 warhead 3 Mt [3][4][5] First use of plutonium.
CHIC-9 1969年9月22日 16:14:59.21 B區域(Qinggir), Lop Nur, China 41°22′34″N 88°19′05″E / 41.376°N 88.318°E / 41.376; 88.318 (CHIC-9) 1,440米(4,720英尺) + tunnel, 19.2 kt [3][4][5][7] Tunnel test in Nan Shan (South Mountain) that vented to surface.
CHIC-10 1969年9月29日 08:40:12.36 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°43′19″N 89°30′54″E / 40.722°N 89.515°E / 40.722; 89.515 (CHIC-10) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, NGB/DF-3 warhead 3 Mt [3][4][5][7]
CHIC-11 1970年10月14日 07:29:56.91 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°31′12″N 89°46′44″E / 40.52°N 89.779°E / 40.52; 89.779 (CHIC-11) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, NGB/DF-3 warhead 3.4 Mt [3][4][5][7]
CHIC-12 1971年11月18日 06:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (CHIC-12) 807米(2,648英尺) + cratering, 20 kt [3][4][5][8] Only Chinese cratering test.
CHIC-13 1972年1月7日 07:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (CHIC-13) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, tactical NW? (KB-1?) 8 kt [3][4][5] Air dropped from Qiang-5 attack jet. See story of launch:[9]
CHIC-14 1972年3月18日 06:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (CHIC-14) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, 170 kt [3][4][5] Fizzled英語fizzle (nuclear test) thermonuke.
(15) 1973年6月27日 03:59:46.29 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°47′55″N 89°48′33″E / 40.7985°N 89.8091°E / 40.7985; 89.8091 ((15)) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, NGB/DF-3 warhead 3 Mt [3][4][5][7] High altitude explosion.
(16) 1974年6月17日 05:59:52.72 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°31′05″N 89°37′08″E / 40.518°N 89.619°E / 40.518; 89.619 ((16)) 807米(2,648英尺) + atmospheric, BM warhead ? 1 Mt [3][4][5][7]
(17) 1975年10月27日 00:59:58.23 B區域(Qinggir), Lop Nur, China 41°22′30″N 88°19′34″E / 41.375°N 88.326°E / 41.375; 88.326 ((17)) 1,440米(4,720英尺) + tunnel, 2.5 kt [3][4][5][7] In a tunnel in Bei Shan (North Mountain).
(18) 1976年1月23日 06:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 ((18)) 807米(2,648英尺) + atmospheric, unknown yield [3][4][5]
(19) 1976年9月26日 06:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 ((19)) 807米(2,648英尺) + atmospheric, 200 kt [3][4][5] Fizzle英語fizzle (nuclear test).
(20) 1976年10月17日 04:59:58.8 A區域(Nanshan), Lop Nur, China 41°42′58″N 88°22′22″E / 41.716°N 88.3727°E / 41.716; 88.3727 ((20)) + tunnel, 2.6 kt [3][4][5][7]
(21) 1976年11月17日 06:00:12.7 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°41′46″N 89°37′37″E / 40.696°N 89.627°E / 40.696; 89.627 ((21)) 807米(2,648英尺) + air drop, DF-5 warhead ? 4 Mt [3][4][5][7] Largest Chinese test.
(22) 1977年9月17日 07:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 ((22)) 807米(2,648英尺) + atmospheric, unknown yield [3][4][5]
(23) 1978年3月15日 05:00:?? D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 ((23)) 807米(2,648英尺) + atmospheric, 11 kt [3][4][5]
(24) 1978年10月14日 00:59:58.01 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: N1 41°32′23″N 88°46′01″E / 41.5398°N 88.767°E / 41.5398; 88.767 ((24)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, 3.4 kt [3][4][5][7] First test in a vertical shaft.
(25) 1978年12月14日 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 ((25)) 807米(2,648英尺) + atmospheric, unknown yield [3][4][5]
unnumbered failed test 1979年2月2日 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (unnumbered failed test) 807米(2,648英尺) + underground, 1 kt [10]
(26)
(aborted)
1979年9月13日 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 ((26)) 807米(2,648英尺) + parachuted, no yield [3][4][5][10] Parachute failure, bomb crashed without detonation.
(27) 1980年10月16日 04:30:29.67 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China 40°43′08″N 89°39′04″E / 40.719°N 89.651°E / 40.719; 89.651 ((27)) 807米(2,648英尺) + atmospheric, ballistic missile warhead ? 1 Mt [3][4][5][7] Last atmospheric test in the world.
(28) 1982年10月5日 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 ((28)) 807米(2,648英尺) + underground, 7 kt [3][4][5] Attempted neutron bomb, fizzle英語fizzle (nuclear test).
(29) 1983年5月4日 04:59:57.82 A區域(Nanshan), Lop Nur, China 41°43′22″N 88°21′55″E / 41.7227°N 88.3653°E / 41.7227; 88.3653 ((29)) + tunnel, 1 kt [3][4][5][7] Second attempt for neutron bomb, failure.
(30) 1983年10月6日 09:59:58.05 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: D1 41°32′28″N 88°43′15″E / 41.54124°N 88.7207°E / 41.54124; 88.7207 ((30)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, unknown yield [3][4][5][7] Third neutron bomb attempt, failure.
(31) 1984年10月3日 05:59:57.99 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China 41°34′15″N 88°43′37″E / 41.5709°N 88.7269°E / 41.5709; 88.7269 ((31)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, unknown yield [3][4][5][7] Fourth neutron bomb attempt, failure.
(32) 1984年12月19日 05:59:58.34 A區域(Nanshan), Lop Nur, China 41°43′00″N 88°23′53″E / 41.7167°N 88.3981°E / 41.7167; 88.3981 ((32)) + tunnel, 15 kt [3][4][5][7] Fifth neutron bomb test, successful.
(33) 1987年6月5日 04:59:58.26 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: J1 41°33′12″N 88°44′27″E / 41.55338°N 88.74093°E / 41.55338; 88.74093 ((33)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, Ju Lang-1 warhead ? 250 kt [3][4][5][7] Development of 2-300 kt warhead for JL-1 SLBM.
(34) 1988年9月29日 06:59:57.97 A區域(Nanshan), Lop Nur, China 41°43′30″N 88°21′32″E / 41.725°N 88.3588°E / 41.725; 88.3588 ((34)) + tunnel, tactical ERW ? 3 kt [3][4][5][7] Final proof test of neutron bomb.
(35) 1990年5月26日 07:59:57.94 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: C1 41°33′53″N 88°43′09″E / 41.56476°N 88.71912°E / 41.56476; 88.71912 ((35)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, unknown yield [3][4][5][7] Unknown test device.
(36) 1990年8月16日 04:59:57.7 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: M2 41°32′35″N 88°44′01″E / 41.54298°N 88.73356°E / 41.54298; 88.73356 ((36)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, 巨浪-1型潛射彈道導彈 warhead ? 189 kt [3][4][5][7] Development of 2-300 kt warhead for JL-1 SLBM.
(37) 1992年5月21日 04:59:57.45 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: N2 41°32′37″N 88°45′51″E / 41.5437°N 88.7641°E / 41.5437; 88.7641 ((37)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, ballistic missile warhead ? 660 kt [3][4][5][7] China's largest underground test.
(38) 1992年9月25日 07:59:58.47 A區域(Nanshan), Lop Nur, China 41°43′00″N 88°22′36″E / 41.7167°N 88.3767°E / 41.7167; 88.3767 ((38)) + tunnel, 8 kt [3][4][5][7] Aspherical primary for DF-31; with this test stockpile development was reportedly complete.
unnumbered failed test 1992年11月2日 D區域(Drop Area), Lop Nur, China ~ 41°30′N 88°30′E / 41.5°N 88.5°E / 41.5; 88.5 (unnumbered failed test) 807米(2,648英尺) + underground, 1 kt [10] Test of insensitive high explosives in primary.
(39) 1993年10月5日 01:59:56.6 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: A2 41°35′24″N 88°42′11″E / 41.59°N 88.70312°E / 41.59; 88.70312 ((39)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft,
safety experiment
DF-31 warhead ? 80 kt [3][4][5][11] Aspherical primary for DF-31.
(40) 1994年6月10日 06:25:57.9 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: O1 41°31′43″N 88°42′44″E / 41.5287°N 88.7122°E / 41.5287; 88.7122 ((40)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, DF-31 warhead ? 90 kt [3][5][8][12] Aspherical primary for DF-31.
(41) 1994年10月7日 03:25:58.1 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: H1 41°34′24″N 88°43′15″E / 41.5734°N 88.72084°E / 41.5734; 88.72084 ((41)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft,
safety experiment
DF-31 warhead ? 90 kt [3][5][11][12] Aspherical primary for DF-31.
(42) 1995年5月15日 04:05:57.8 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: K1 41°33′09″N 88°45′09″E / 41.5524°N 88.7524°E / 41.5524; 88.7524 ((42)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft,
safety experiment
DF-31 warhead ? 95 kt [3][5][11] Aspherical primary for DF-31.
(43) 1995年8月17日 00:59:57.7 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: L1 41°32′23″N 88°45′09″E / 41.53983°N 88.75255°E / 41.53983; 88.75255 ((43)) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft,
safety experiment
DF-31 warhead ? 90 kt [3][5][12] Prompted Japanese Diet to lodge a protest and freeze grants to China.
(44) - 1 1996年6月8日 02:55:57.9 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: B1 41°34′36″N 88°41′14″E / 41.5768°N 88.68729°E / 41.5768; 88.68729 ((44) - 1) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, 50 kt [3][5][8][12] Test of insensitive high explosives in primary, DF-31 warhead.
(44) - 2 1996年6月8日 02:55:57.9 C區域(Beishan), Lop Nur, China: B1 41°34′36″N 88°41′14″E / 41.5768°N 88.68729°E / 41.5768; 88.68729 ((44) - 2) 1,689米(5,541英尺) + underground shaft, unknown yield [3][5][8] Test of insensitive high explosives in primary, DF-31 warhead.
(45) 1996年7月29日 01:48:57.8 A區域(Nanshan), Lop Nur, China 41°42′58″N 88°22′33″E / 41.7161°N 88.3757°E / 41.7161; 88.3757 ((45)) + tunnel, 3 kt [3][5][8] Test of insensitive high explosives in primary, DF-31 warhead.
  1. ^ 除已公開的名稱外,使用已知的美國中央情報局代號;兩者均無則直接按時間標註序號。如果測試取消或中止,日期、位置等使用已披露的計劃預定數據。
  2. ^ 試驗地點的大致名稱與經緯度數據。對於火箭試驗,除爆炸地點外,會另外列出已知的發射地點;部分數據(例如通過空投或空中爆炸)可能並不精確。符號「~」標註的位置可能與其他試驗處於同一地區。
  3. ^ 海拔高度(elevation)是指爆炸點正下方的地面水平相對於海平面的高度;相對高度(height)是指通過塔架、氣球、豎井、隧道、空投或其他裝置增加或減少的額外距離。對於火箭爆炸,地面高度為「N/A」(不適用)。在某些情況下,例如「Plumbbob/John」,不清楚高度是絕對高度還是相對於地面的相對高度。留空表示未知,而「0」表示零。此列的排序使用海拔高度和相對高度的總和。
  4. ^ 包括武器研發、武器效應、安全測試、運輸安全測試、戰爭、科學、聯合核查以及工業/和平利用,這些類別還可以進一步細分。
  5. ^ 試驗裝置的名稱(若已知)。問號「?」表示準確性存疑。特殊裝置的暱稱或代號用引號括注。請注意,此類信息可能不會被官方披露。
  6. ^ Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
  7. ^ 除瞬發中子外對大氣的放射性排放量(若已知)。測量到的物質僅限於碘-131(若提及),否則為所有物質。未列出表明未知;一般地,地下為無排放,非地下為所有物質;另外將根據已知信息,註明僅在現場測量或在現場外測量,以及測得的輻射能釋放量。

概要

[編輯]
China's nuclear testing series summary - Link to world summary of nuclear weapons tests英語List of nuclear weapons tests
Series or years Years covered Tests[Summ 1] Devices英語List of nuclear weapons fired Devices英語List of nuclear weapons with unknown yield Peaceful use tests英語Peaceful nuclear explosions Non-PTBT tests[Summ 2] 當量區間爆炸當量[Summ 3] 總當量(千噸)[Summ 4] Notes
nuclear test 1964–1996 47 48 7 23 0 to 4,000 24,409
Totals 1964-Oct-16 to 1996-Jul-29 47 48 7 23 0 to 4,000 24,409 Total country yield is 4.5% of all nuclear testing.
  1. ^ Includes all tests with potential for nuclear fission or fusion explosion, including combat use, singleton tests, salvo tests, zero yield fails, safety experiments, and bombs incapacitated by accidents but still intended to be fired. It does not include hydronuclear and subcritical tests, and misfires of a device which was subsequently fired successfully.
  2. ^ Number of tests which would have been in violation of the 部分禁止核試驗條約 of 1963, such as atmospheric, space or underwater tests. Some "peaceful use" cratering tests which should have been violations were protested, and later quietly dropped.
  3. ^ "Small" refers to a value greater than zero but less than 0.5 kt.
  4. ^ Some yields are described like "< 20 kt"; such are scored at one half of the numeric amount, i.e., yield of 10k in this example. "Unknown yield" adds nothing to the total.

參見

[編輯]

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. ^ China's nuclear tests. Monterey Institute of International Studies. [2014-08-15]. (原始內容存檔於2013-12-05).  該參考資料的列表未收錄如下的失敗測試及後來被披露為兩台設備同時進行的齊射測試。
  2. ^ 中國大百科全書編委會 (編). 中国核试验. 中國大百科全書 第二版. 2009. ISBN 9787500079583. 
  3. ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 3.38 3.39 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.43 3.44 3.45 China's nuclear tests: dates, yields, types, methods, and comments. Center for Nonproliferation Studies. June 1998 [2014-01-20]. (原始內容存檔於2013-12-05). 
  4. ^ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 Norris, Robert S.; Burrows, Andrew S.; Fieldhouse, Richard W. Nuclear Weapons Databook, Vol. 5: British, French, and Chinese Nuclear Weapons. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 1994. 
  5. ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 5.27 5.28 5.29 5.30 5.31 5.32 5.33 5.34 5.35 5.36 5.37 5.38 5.39 5.40 5.41 5.42 5.43 5.44 5.45 Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl. CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3) (技術報告). SMDC Monitoring Research. 2000-08. 
  6. ^ In 1969 the date was identified as 13 May 1965 by an Australian journalist who described the first seven of China's nuclear tests. See: Francis James英語Francis James. The first Western look at the secret H-bomb centre in China. August 9, 1969: 10.  |journal=被忽略 (幫助). Or see the related article in 星期日泰晤士報 of June 15, 1969.
  7. ^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 Gupta, Vipin. Locating nuclear explosions at the Chinese test site near Lop Nor. Science and Global Security. 1995, 5 (2): 205–244 [2014-01-20]. Bibcode:1995S&GS....5..205G. doi:10.1080/08929889508426423. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-04). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Nuclear explosion database. SMDC. 2004 [2014-01-03]. (原始內容存檔於2014-01-07). 
  9. ^ Bob Bergin. Recalling the H-Bomb that Almost Backfired – Yang Guoxiang, one of China's top test pilots, tells the story. Air & Space Magazine. August 2009 [3 July 2015]. (原始內容存檔於4 July 2015). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Andryushin, L. A.; Voloshin, N. P.; Ilkaev, R. I.; Matushchenko, A. M.; Ryabev, L. D.; Strukov, V. G.; Chernyshev, A. K.; Yudin, Yu. A. Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing (技術報告). Sarov, Russia: RFNC-VNIIEF. 1999 [2013-12-18]. (原始內容存檔於2013-12-19). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Kim, Won-Young; Richards, Paul G.; Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir. Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996 (PDF) (技術報告). LDEO. 2001-04-01 [2013-12-13]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2003-04-15). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Lewis, Jeffrey. The minimum means of reprisal: China's search for security in the nuclear age (PDF) (Ph. D. dissertation). 2004 [2014-01-20]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-12-29). 

Category:中華人民共和國核試驗