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密克罗尼西亚翠鸟

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密克罗尼西亚翠鸟
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 佛法僧目 Coraciiformes
科: 翠鸟科 Alcedinidae
属: 领翡翠属 Todiramphus
种:
密克罗尼西亚翠鸟 T. cinnamominus
二名法
Todiramphus cinnamominus
(Swainson, 1821)

密克罗尼西亚翠鸟学名Todiramphus cinnamominus)是关岛波纳佩帕劳的一种翠鸟。其下的亚种关岛密克罗尼西亚翠鸟棕树蛇的入侵而在野外灭绝,只可以饲养繁殖

分类及特征

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密克罗尼西亚翠鸟有三个亚种,每一个限于单一岛屿上:

灭绝琉球翠鸟有时也会被分类成密克罗尼西亚翠鸟的亚种。[2]

这些亚种的分别主要在其主羽及体型大小上,帕劳的最为细小,而关岛的则最大。[3]它们的色彩鲜艳,长约20-24厘米,体型中等。它们的背部呈虹蓝色,头部呈锈肉桂色。波纳佩及帕劳的成鸟下身呈白色,幼鸟的下身却是肉桂色。相反,关岛的雄性成鸟下身却是肉桂色,而雌鸟及幼鸟的下身是白色。所有亚种的喙都是侧面扁平的,脚深色。

行为

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布朗克斯动物园美国其中一个协助饲养繁殖密克罗尼西亚翠鸟的地方。

密克罗尼西亚翠鸟是生活在森林之中,倾向不怎么露面。在波纳佩,它们会沿森林边缘在电话线上觅食;在帕劳的则很不明显。它们只吃甲壳类。在关岛,它们的巢是在软木树中挖穴而成或进占白蚁[4];在波纳佩,它们的巢则是进占白蚁的。[5]它们会保护自己的地盘。[6]双亲都会照顾雏鸟,一些波纳佩的雏鸟会留在双亲身边较长时间。[7]

保育状况

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两个密克罗尼西亚翠鸟的亚种都面临生存威胁。关岛的被入侵的棕树蛇灭绝[8],现时已被美国列为濒危物种[9]它们只有饲养的群落,为数少于100只。现已有计划将它们重新引入到关岛的保护区及森林中。[10]在波纳佩的亚种于1983年至1994年间就下降了63%。[11]波纳佩鸟类的下降原因不明。

参考

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  1. ^ BirdLife International. Todiramphus cinnamominus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [26 November 2013]. 
  2. ^ Fry, C.H., K. Fry, A. Harris. Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, and Rollers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1992. 
  3. ^ Pratt, H.D., P.L. Bruner, and D.G. Berrett. The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1987. 
  4. ^ Marshall, S.D. Nest sites of the Micronesian Kingfisher on Guam. Wilson Bulletin. 1989, 101: 472–7. 
  5. ^ Kesler, D.C., and S.M. Haig. Selection of arboreal termitaria for nesting by cooperatively breeding Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers. Ibis. 2005, 147: 188–96. 
  6. ^ Kesler, D.C. Population demography, resource use, and movement in cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers. Corvallis, OR: Doctoral dissertation. Oregon State University. 2006. 
  7. ^ Kesler, D.C. Nest site selection in cooperatively breeding Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers (Halcyon cinnamomina reichenbachii): Does nest-site abundance limit reproductive opportunities?. Corvallis, OR: M.S. thesis. Oregon State University. 2002. 
  8. ^ Savidge, J. A. Extinction of an island forest avifauna by an introduced snake. Ecology. 1987, 68: 660–8. 
  9. ^ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1984. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: determination of endangered status for seven birds and two bats on Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. Federal Register 50 CFR Part 17 49(167), 33881-33885.
  10. ^ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2004. Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Sihek or Guam Micronesian Kingfisher (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina).
  11. ^ Buden, D.W. A comparison of 1983 and 1994 bird surveys of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. Wilson Bulletin. 2000, 112: 403–10. 
  • Haig, S.M., and J.D. Ballou. 1995. Genetic diversity among two avian species formerly endemic to Guam. Auk 112: 445-455.
  • Haig, S.M., J.D. Ballou, and N.J. Casna. 1995. Genetic identification of kin in Micronesian Kingfishers. Journal of Heredity 86: 423-431.
  • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2004. Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Sihek or Guam Micronesian Kingfisher (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, OR.

外部链接

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