User:Min968/List of Ming dynasty enthronements
外观
This is a list by date of enthronements of the Ming emperors from 1368 to the 17th century.
Ming (1368–1644)
[编辑]Emperor[1] | Date of accession[2] | Date of enthronement[3][4] | Place |
---|---|---|---|
Hongwu Emperor | 23 January 1368 | Southern Suburban Altar,[5][6] Nanjing | |
Jianwen Emperor | 30 June 1398 | Nanjing | |
Yongle Emperor | 17 July 1402 | Hall of Revering Heaven (Fengtian dian),[7] Ming Palace, Nanjing | |
Hongxi Emperor | 12 August 1424 | 7 September 1424 | Gate of Revering Heaven (Fengtianmen),[8] Forbidden City, Beijing |
Xuande Emperor | 29 May 1425 | 27 June 1425 | Beijing |
Emperor Yingzong | 31 January 1435 | 7 February 1435 | Hall of Splendid Canopy (Huagai dian),[9] Forbidden City, Beijing |
11 February 1457 | Hall of Revering Heaven (Fengtian dian),[10][11] Forbidden City, Beijing | ||
Jingtai Emperor | 22 September 1449 | Beijing | |
Chenghua Emperor | 23 February 1464 | 28 February 1464 | |
Hongzhi Emperor | 9 September 1487 | 22 September 1487 | |
Zhengde Emperor | 8 June 1505 | 19 June 1505 | Hall of Revering Heaven (Fengtian dian),[12] Forbidden City, Beijing |
Jiajing Emperor | 27 May 1521 | 27 May 1521 | |
Longqing Emperor | 23 January 1567 | 4 February 1567 | Hall of Imperial Supremacy (Huangji dian),[13] Forbidden City, Beijing |
Wanli Emperor | 5 July 1572 | 19 July 1572 | Beijing |
Taichang Emperor | 28 August 1620 | ||
Tianqi Emperor | 26 September 1620 | 1 October 1620 | Palace of Heavenly Purity (Qianqing gong),[14] Forbidden City, Beijing |
Chongzhen Emperor | 2 October 1627 | Hall of Imperial Supremacy (Huangji dian)[15] (or Hall of Central Supremacy; Zhongji dian)[16], Forbidden City, Beijing |
Southern Ming (1644–1662)
[编辑]Emperor[1] | Date of accession | Date of enthronement | Place |
---|---|---|---|
Hongguang Emperor | 19 June 1644[17] | Hall of Martial Valor (Wuying dian), Ming Palace, Nanjing | |
Longwu Emperor | 18 August 1645[18] | Fuzhou | |
Shaowu Emperor | 11 December 1646[19] | Guangzhou | |
Yongli Emperor | 24 December 1646[20] | Zhaoqing, Guangdong |
Gallery
[编辑]-
Painting of the Wanli Emperor wearing mianfu. Mianfu is the highest level of formal dress worn by emperors and imperial family in special ceremonial events such as enthronement, morning audience, ancestral rites, worship, new year's audience and other ceremonial activities.
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Mianguan of the Wanli Emperor, excavated from his mausoleum. This mianguan is the same one worn by the Wanli Emperor in the left picture.
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The circular mound of the Temple of Heaven, where the Ming emperors would traditionally begin their enthronement ceremony by offering prayers to Heaven. According to state theology, it was believed that the emperor derived his mandate to rule from Heaven.
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The Hall of Revering Heaven (Fengtian dian), the tallest palace building in the Forbidden City in Beijing, was used for grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the emperor's wedding and the ceremony for conferring the empress. During these occasions the emperor came to the hall to receive congratulations from the civil and military officials. In addition, the emperor met high-ranking officials and dispatched generals to the battles from this place.
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The Dragon Throne in the Hall of Revering Heaven
References
[编辑]Citations
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Twitchett & Mote (1988),第xxiii頁.
- ^ Zhang (1739),vols. 2–23.
- ^ Goodrich & Fang (1976),第xxi頁.
- ^ Moule (1957),第106–109頁.
- ^ Taizu Shilu 太祖實錄 [Veritable Records of Emperor Taizu] 29.
- ^ Zhang (1739),vol. 2.
- ^ Zhang (1739),vol. 5.
- ^ Zhang (1739),vol. 53.
- ^ Yingzong Shilu 英宗實錄 [Veritable Records of Emperor Yingzong] 1.
- ^ Zhang (1739),vol. 12.
- ^ Duomen zhibian 夺门之变. The Palace Museum (Chinese).
- ^ Zhang (1739),vol. 17.
- ^ Muzong Shilu 穆宗實錄 [Veritable Records of Emperor Muzong] 1.
- ^ Zhang (1739),vol. 22.
- ^ Wang, Shide. Chongzhen yilu 崇禎遺錄 1 (中文).
- ^ Li, Xunzhi. Sanchao yeji 三朝野紀 3 (中文).
- ^ Gu (2011),第39頁.
- ^ Gu (2011),第185頁.
- ^ Gu (2011),第290頁.
- ^ Gu (2011),第291頁.
Sources
[编辑]- Zhang, Tingyu. Ming Shi 明史 [History of Ming]. 1739.
- Goodrich, L. Carington; Fang, Chaoying. Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644. New York: Columbia University Press. 1976. ISBN 0-231-03801-1.
- Moule, Arthur Christopher. The rulers of China, 221 B.C.- A.D. 1949; chronological tables. New York: F. A. Praeger. 1957.
- Twitchett, Denis C; Mote, Frederick W. (编). The Cambridge History of China. Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1988. ISBN 0521243327.
- Gu, Cheng. Nan Ming Shi 南明史 [History of Southern Ming]. Beijing: Guangming Daily Publishing House. 2011. ISBN 978-7-5112-1327-3 (中文).