跳转到内容

未發現元素列表

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科,自由的百科全书
(重定向自Utu

未發現元素是一些在元素周期表內,未被列出的元素。目前所有已被發現的人造元素,在未發現之前也都可被稱之為未發現元素,基於目前化學理論漸趨完備,我們可以依此對未發現元素作一些基本性質上的推論。由於理論推測最大的原子質子數不得超過210,故下表所列之預測元素就僅至第九週期;而截至2022年為止,最新發現(于2010年)之元素為(Tennessine, Ts)[1],并经IUPAC正式承認,至此所有第七週期元素已经合成成功,下表不予以保留。

通常科學家用實驗室的所在地或名稱來命名新發現的元素,國際純粹與應用化學聯合會(IUPAC)亦會給予已發現之元素名稱正式的認可。但IUPAC為統一起見,對於所有未經核定但已發現或被預測的元素名稱一律依照IUPAC之命名法則制定暫定名稱,使用拉丁文數字頭以該元素之原子序來命名,如Biunseptium(Bus)便是由bi(二)- un(一)- sept(七)- ium(元素)四個字根組合而成,表示「元素217號」。詳細的法則請見IUPAC元素系統命名法。以下所列即為未發現元素的IUPAC暫定名稱。

未發現元素在週期表中的位置

[编辑]

目前實驗合成原子序最大的元素可能是第七週期的最後一個元素118Og,而若發現了原子序数更大的元素則將被置於第八週期。根據格倫·西奧多·西博格於1969年提出的擴展元素週期表[2],在第八週期以後的週期中,將會有g區元素的出現,即有部份的元素會存在有g軌域電子,然而第八週期以後的元素都尚未能被合成或發現,所以此理論迄今未能被驗證。

我們可以預測下表的g區元素可能位於f區元素的左方,下表先依主流予以採用︰

擴展元素周期表
(超重元素不一定依下表的次序排列)
族未定
週期未定 0
Nu

0號元素

1 18
1 1
H
2 13 14 15 16 17 2
He
2 3
Li
4
Be
5
B
6
C
7
N
8
O
9
F
10
Ne
3 11
Na
12
Mg
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Al
14
Si
15
P
16
S
17
Cl
18
Ar
4 19
K
20
Ca
21
Sc
22
Ti
23
V
24
Cr
25
Mn
26
Fe
27
Co
28
Ni
29
Cu
30
Zn
31
Ga
32
Ge
33
As
34
Se
35
Br
36
Kr
5 37
Rb
38
Sr
39
Y
40
Zr
41
Nb
42
Mo
43
Tc
44
Ru
45
Rh
46
Pd
47
Ag
48
Cd
49
In
50
Sn
51
Sb
52
Te
53
I
54
Xe
6 55
Cs
56
Ba
57
La
58
Ce
59
Pr
60
Nd
61
Pm
62
Sm
63
Eu
64
Gd
65
Tb
66
Dy
67
Ho
68
Er
69
Tm
70
Yb
71
Lu
72
Hf
73
Ta
74
W
75
Re
76
Os
77
Ir
78
Pt
79
Au
80
Hg
81
Tl
82
Pb
83
Bi
84
Po
85
At
86
Rn
7 87
Fr
88
Ra
89
Ac
90
Th
91
Pa
92
U
93
Np
94
Pu
95
Am
96
Cm
97
Bk
98
Cf
99
Es
100
Fm
101
Md
102
No
103
Lr
104
Rf
𬬻
105
Db
𬭊
106
Sg
𬭳
107
Bh
𬭛
108
Hs
𬭶
109
Mt
110
Ds
𫟼
111
Rg
112
Cn
113
Nh
114
Fl
𫓧
115
Mc
116
Lv
𫟷
117
Ts
118
Og
8 119
Uue
120
Ubn
g區
元素
141
Uqu
142
Uqb
143
Uqt
144
Uqq
145
Uqp
146
Uqh
147
Uqs
148
Uqo
149
Uqe
150
Upn
151
Upu
152
Upb
153
Upt
154
Upq
155
Upp
156
Uph
157
Ups
158
Upo
159
Upe
160
Uhn
161
Uhu
162
Uhb
163
Uht
164
Uhq
9 165
Uhp
166
Uhh
167
Uhs
168
Uho
169
Uhe
170
Usn
171
Usu
172
Usb
8 121
Ubu
122
Ubb
123
Ubt
124
Ubq
125
Ubp
126
Ubh
127
Ubs
128
Ubo
129
Ube
130
Utn
131
Utu
132
Utb
133
Utt
134
Utq
135
Utp
136
Uth
137
Uts
138
Uto
139
Ute
140
Uqn
族未定
週期未定 分區未定 173
Ust
174
Usq
175
Usp
176
Ush
177
Uss
...


  無電子
  超臨界原子[3]

(未發現元素以較淺顔色顯示)

總覽

[编辑]
s區塊 p區塊 d區塊 ds區塊 f區塊 g區塊
原子序数 元素符號 IUPAC命名 電子組態 電子殼層 備註
119 Uue Ununennium s1 [Uuo]8s1 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 1 推測電負度小於0.7。
120 Ubn Unbinilium s2 [Og]8s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 2 304Ubn之中子數為幻數,有人推測其半衰期可能較長。
121 Ubu Unbiunium g1 [Og]8s28p1
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 3 第一個g區元素
122 Ubb Unbibium g2 [Og]7d18s28p1
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 9, 3
123 Ubt Unbitrium g3 [Og]6f17d18s28p1
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 19, 9, 3
124 Ubq Unbiquadium g4 [Og]6f38s28p1
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 21, 8, 3
125 Ubp Unbipentium g5 [Og]5g16f38s28p1
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 33, 21, 8, 3
126 Ubh Unbihexium g6 [Og]5g26f27d18s28p1
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 34, 20, 9, 3 310Ubh同時擁有中子數184、質子數126兩個幻數,推測可能是穩定元素島中半衰期最長的一個。
127 Ubs Unbiseptium g7 [Og]5g36f28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 35, 20, 8, 4
128 Ubo Unbioctium g8 [Og]5g46f28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 36, 20, 8, 4
129 Ube Unbiennium g9 [Og]5g56f28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 37, 20, 8, 4
130 Utn Untrinilium g10 [Og]5g66f28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 38, 20, 8, 4
131 Utu Untriunium g11 [Og]5g76f28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 39, 20, 8, 4
132 Utb Untribium g12 [Og]5g86f28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 40, 20, 8, 4
133 Utt Untritrium g13 [Og]5g86f38s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 40, 21, 8, 4
134 Utq Untriquadium g14 [Og]5g86f48s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 40, 22, 8, 4
135 Utp Untripentium g15 [Og]5g96f48s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 41, 22, 8, 4
136 Uth Untrihexium g16 [Og]5g116f37d18s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 42, 22, 8, 4
137 Uts Untriseptium g17 [Og]5g126f37d18s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 43, 21, 9, 4 波耳原子模型中,原子序超過137的原子在1s軌域的電子速度將超過光速[4];且根據狄拉克方程式,原子基態時的能量將成為虛數,為此費曼指出元素137可能是最後的一個元素,因此有人在非正式場合亦稱此元素為Feynmanium (Fy)[5]
138 Uto Untrioctium g18 [Og]5g126f37d18s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 44, 21, 9, 4 由於在實際情況中須考慮到原子核電荷分布的極限,因此在更精確的計算中,非離子態元素原子序可能達173。
139 Ute Untriennium p1 [Og]5g136f27d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 45, 20, 10, 4
140 Uqn Unquadnilium p2 [Og]5g146f37d18s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 46, 21, 9, 4
141 Uqu Unquadunium f1 [Og]5g156f27d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 47, 20, 10, 4
142 Uqb Unquadbium f2 [Og]5g166f27d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 48, 20, 10, 4
143 Uqt Unquadtrium f3 [Og]5g176f27d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 49, 20, 10, 4
144 Uqq Unquadquadium f4 [Og]5g186f17d38s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 19, 11, 4
145 Uqp Unquadpentium f5 [Og]5g186f37d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 21, 10, 4
146 Uqh Unquadhexium f6 [Og]5g186f47d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 22, 10, 4
147 Uqs Unquadseptium f7 [Og]5g186f57d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 23, 10, 4
148 Uqo Unquadoctium f8 [Og]5g186f67d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 24, 10, 4
149 Uqe Unquadennium f9 [Og]5g186f67d38s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 24, 11, 4
150 Upn Unpentnilium f10 [Og]5g186f67d48s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 24, 12, 6
151 Upu Unpentunium f11 [Og]5g186f87d38s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 26, 11, 4
152 Upb Unpentbium f12 [Og]5g186f97d38s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 27, 11, 4
153 Upt Unpenttrium f13 [Og]5g186f117d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 29, 10, 4
154 Upq Unpentquadium f14 [Og]5g186f127d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 30, 10, 4
155 Upp Unpentpentium d1 [Og]5g186f137d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 31, 10, 4
156 Uph Unpenthexium d2 [Og]5g186f147d28s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 10, 4
157 Ups Unpentseptium d3 [Og]5g186f147d38s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 11, 4
158 Upo Unpentoctium d4 [Og]5g186f147d48s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 12, 4
159 Upe Unpentennium d5 [Og]5g186f147d48s28p2
1/2
9s1
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 12, 4, 1
160 Uhn Unhexnilium d6 [Og]5g186f147d58s28p2
1/2
9s1
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 13, 4, 1
161 Uhu Unhexunium d7 [Og]5g186f147d68s28p2
1/2
9s1
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 14, 4, 1
162 Uhb Unhexbium d8 [Og]5g186f147d88s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 16, 4
163 Uht Unhextrium d9 [Og]5g186f147d98s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 17, 4
164 Uhq Unhexquadium d10 [Og]5g186f147d108s28p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4
電子 s區塊 p區塊 d區塊 ds區塊 f區塊 g區塊 h區塊 離子態 可能不存在
原子序 元素符號 IUPAC命名 電子組態 電子殼層 備註
165 Uhp Unhexpentium s1 [Uhq]9s1 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4, 1 電負度確定小於0.7。
166 Uhh Unhexhexium s2 [Uhq]9s2 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4, 2
167 Uhs Unhexseptium p1 [Uhq]9s29p1
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4, 3
168 Uho Unhexoctium p2 [Uhq]9s29p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4, 4
169 Uhe Unhexennium p3 [Uhq]8p1
3/2
9s29p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 5, 4
170 Usn Unseptnilium p4 [Uhq]8p2
3/2
9s29p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 6, 4
171 Usu Unseptunium p5 [Uhq]8p3
3/2
9s29p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 7, 4
172 Usb Unseptbium p6 [Uhq]8p4
3/2
9s29p2
1/2
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 8, 4

周期未定

[编辑]

多篇論文中對於其周期皆有不同表述之元素者,或者無論文或研究提到其周期者,列於此。

電子 s區塊 p區塊 d區塊 ds區塊 f區塊 g區塊 h區塊 超臨界原子[3] 可能不存在
原子序数 元素符號 IUPAC命名 電子組態 電子殼層 備註
0 Nu/Nt/n Neutronium 無電子 零號元素
173 Ust Unsepttrium 未知 [Usb]6g1 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 33, 18, 8, 4
184 Uoq Unoctquadium 未知 [Usb] 6g5 7f4 8d3[6][7]
245 Bqp Biquadpentium 未知 理論計算表明,當Z=245時,2s軌域也將崩潰[8]

詳細列表

[编辑]
化學元素 元素分區 預測电子排布[9][6][10][11]
119 Uue Ununennium s-block [Og] 8s1
120 Ubn Unbinilium s-block [Og] 8s2
121 Ubu Unbiunium g-block [Og] 8s2 8p1
1/2
[12]
122 Ubb Unbibium g-block [Og] 8s2 8p2
1/2
[12]
[Og] 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2
123 Ubt Unbitrium g-block [Og] 6f1 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 6f1 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2
[14][12]
[Og] 6f2 8s2 8p1
1/2

[Og] 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p1
3/2
[14]
124 Ubq Unbiquadium g-block [Og] 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[12][13]
[Og] 6f3 8s2 8p1
1/2
125 Ubp Unbipentium g-block [Og] 6f4 8s2 8p1
1/2
[12]
[Og] 5g1 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 5g1 6f3 8s2 8p1
1/2

[Og] 8s2 0.81(5g1 6f2 8p2
1/2
) + 0.17(5g1 6f1 7d2 8p1
1/2
) + 0.02(6f3 7d1 8p1
1/2
)
126 Ubh Unbihexium g-block [Og] 5g1 6f4 8s2 8p1
1/2
[12]
[Og] 5g2 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 5g2 6f3 8s2 8p1
1/2

[Og] 8s2 0.998(5g2 6f3 8p1
1/2
) + 0.002(5g2 6f2 8p2
1/2
)
127 Ubs Unbiseptium g-block [Og] 5g2 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[12]
[Og] 5g3 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 8s2 0.88(5g3 6f2 8p2
1/2
) + 0.12(5g3 6f1 7d2 8p1
1/2
)
128 Ubo Unbioctium g-block [Og] 5g3 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[12]
[Og] 5g4 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 8s2 0.88(5g4 6f2 8p2
1/2
) + 0.12(5g4 6f1 7d2 8p1
1/2
)
129 Ube Unbiennium g-block [Og] 5g4 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2

[Og] 5g4 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[12][13]
[Og] 5g5 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g4 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2
130 Utn Untrinilium g-block [Og] 5g5 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2

[Og] 5g5 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[12][13]
[Og] 5g6 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g5 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2
131 Utu Untriunium g-block [Og] 5g6 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[12][13]
[Og] 5g7 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 8s2 0.86(5g6 6f3 8p2
1/2
) + 0.14(5g6 6f2 7d2 8p1
1/2
)
132 Utb Untribium g-block [Og] 5g7 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 5g8 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
133 Utt Untritrium g-block [Og] 5g8 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
134 Utq Untriquadium g-block [Og] 5g8 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
135 Utp Untripentium g-block [Og] 5g9 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
136 Uth Untrihexium g-block [Og] 5g10 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
137 Uts Untriseptium g-block [Og] 5g11 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
138 Uto Untrioctium g-block [Og] 5g12 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 5g12 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1/2
139 Ute Untriennium g-block [Og] 5g13 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 5g13 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
140 Uqn Unquadnilium g-block [Og] 5g14 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 5g15 6f1 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p2
3/2
141 Uqu Unquadunium g-block [Og] 5g15 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
142 Uqb Unquadbium g-block [Og] 5g16 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
143 Uqt Unquadtrium f-block [Og] 5g17 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
144 Uqq Unquadquadium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
[Og] 5g18 6f1 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g17 6f2 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 8s2 0.95(5g17 6f2 7d3 8p2
1/2
) + 0.05(5g17 6f4 7d1 8p2
1/2
)
145 Uqp Unquadpentium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f3 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
146 Uqh Unquadhexium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f4 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
147 Uqs Unquadseptium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f5 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
148 Uqo Unquadoctium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
149 Uqe Unquadennium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
150 Upn Unpentnilium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d4 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f7 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
151 Upu Unpentunium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f8 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
152 Upb Unpentbium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f9 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
153 Upt Unpenttrium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f10 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f11 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
154 Upq Unpentquadium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f11 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f12 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
155 Upp Unpentpentium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f12 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f13 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
156 Uph Unpenthexium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f13 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
157 Ups Unpentseptium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
158 Upo Unpentoctium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d4 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
159 Upe Unpentennium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d5 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d4 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s1[13]
160 Uhn Unhexnilium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d6 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d5 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s1[13]
161 Uhu Unhexunium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d7 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d6 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s1[13]
162 Uhb Unhexbium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d8 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d7 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s1[13]
163 Uht Unhextrium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d9 8s2 8p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d8 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s1[13]
164 Uhq Unhexquadium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
[13]
165 Uhp Unhexpentium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s1[13]
166 Uhh Unhexhexium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s2[13]
167 Uhs Unhexseptium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s2 9p1
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p1
3/2
9s2[13]
168 Uho Unhexoctium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
9s2 9p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p2
3/2
9s2[13]
169 Uhe Unhexennium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p1
3/2
9s2 9p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p3
3/2
9s2[13]
170 Usn Unseptnilium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p2
3/2
9s2 9p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p4
3/2
9s2[13]
171 Usu Unseptunium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p3
3/2
9s2 9p2
1/2

[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p4
3/2
9s2 9p1
1/2
[13]
172 Usb Unseptbium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2
8p4
3/2
9s2 9p2
1/2
[13]
173 Ust Unsepttrium ? [172] 6g1
[172] 9p1
3/2
... ... ... ... ...
184 Uoq Unoctquadium ? [172] 6g5 7f4 8d3

廢棄的元素名稱

[编辑]
電子 s區塊 p區塊 d區塊 ds區塊 f區塊 g區塊 h區塊
原子序数 元素符號 IUPAC命名 研究年分 備註
43 Il Ilmenium 7族元素 1846年[15] 鈮和鉭的混合物
43 Lc Lucium 7族元素 1896年[16][17] 含雜質的釔混合物
90 Io Ionium 錒系元素 1904年[18] 釷-230
93 Ao Ausonium 錒系元素 1934年[19] 鋇、氪等元素的混合物
未知 Di Didymium 鑭系元素 1841年[20] 鐠和釹的混合物[21]
未知 Nl[來源請求] 𰚼 未知 1864年[22] 雙電離氧O2+产生的禁线[23]
未知 Pe Pelopium 未知 1845年[24][25][26] 鈮和鉭的混合物

參見

[编辑]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ Tennessine - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table. www.rsc.org. [2024-09-19]. 
  2. ^ An Early History of LBNL by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg. [2009-10-28]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-13). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Marrus, Richard. Physics of Highly-Ionized Atoms. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012-12-06: 42-43 [2018-09-08]. ISBN 978-1-4613-0833-1. (原始内容存档于2021-04-28) (英语). 
  4. ^ Eisberg, Robert; Resnick, Robert; Brown, Judith. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles. Physics Today. 1986-03-XX, 39 (3): 110–111. ISSN 0031-9228. doi:10.1063/1.2814935 (英语). 
  5. ^ J. Eric Slone. The Mysterious 137. fotuva.org. [2017-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-24). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Fricke, Burkhard. Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties. Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry 21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 1975: 89–144. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. doi:10.1007/bfb0116498 (英语). 
  7. ^ Penneman, R.A.; Mann, J.B.; Jørgensen, C.K. Speculations on the chemistry of superheavy elements such as Z = 164. Chemical Physics Letters. 1971-02-XX, 8 (4): 321–326 [2021-04-25]. Bibcode:1971CPL.....8..321P. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(71)80054-4. (原始内容存档于2018-06-03) (英语). 
  8. ^ Reinhardt, Joachim; Greiner, Walter. Probing Supercritical Fields with Real and with Artificial Nuclei. Greiner, Walter (编). Nuclear Physics: Present and Future. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2015: 195–210. ISBN 978-3-319-10198-9. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10199-6_19 (英语). 
  9. ^ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria. Transactinides and the future elements. Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (编). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. 2006. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5. 
  10. ^ Fricke, Burkhard. Dirac–Fock–Slater calculations for the elements Z = 100, fermium, to Z = 173 (PDF). Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 1977, 19: 83–192 [25 February 2016]. Bibcode:1977ADNDT..19...83F. doi:10.1016/0092-640X(77)90010-9. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-22). 
  11. ^ Nefedov, V.I.; Trzhaskovskaya, M.B.; Yarzhemskii, V.G. Electronic Configurations and the Periodic Table for Superheavy Elements (PDF). Doklady Physical Chemistry. 2006, 408 (2): 149–151 [2022-04-20]. ISSN 0012-5016. S2CID 95738861. doi:10.1134/S0012501606060029. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-10-13). 
  12. ^ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 Umemoto, Koichiro; Saito, Susumu. Electronic Configurations of Superheavy Elements. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 1996, 65 (10): 3175–9 [31 January 2021]. Bibcode:1996JPSJ...65.3175U. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.65.3175. (原始内容存档于2021-03-06). 
  13. ^ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.37 13.38 13.39 13.40 13.41 13.42 13.43 13.44 13.45 13.46 13.47 13.48 13.49 Archived copy. www.primefan.ru. [15 January 2022]. (原始内容存档于5 March 2016). 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 van der Schoor, K. Electronic structure of element 123 (PDF) (学位论文). Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. 2016 [2022-04-20]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-01-13). 
  15. ^ Hermann, R. Untersuchungen über das Ilmenium. Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1847, 40 (1): 457–480. doi:10.1002/prac.184704001110 (英语). 
  16. ^ Referate. Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie. 1897, 15 (1): 456–476. ISSN 0863-1778. doi:10.1002/zaac.18970150164 (德语). 
  17. ^ H., J. L. NOTES ON INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Science. 1896-11-27, 4 (100): 790–791. Bibcode:1896Sci.....4..790H. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17734842. doi:10.1126/science.4.100.790-a (英语). 
  18. ^ Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey. A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. 化學遺產基金會英语Chemical Heritage Foundation. 1997: 152–155 [2019-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-941901-15-4. (原始内容存档于2019-12-08) (英语). 
  19. ^ Fermi, Prof. E. Possible Production of Elements of Atomic Number Higher than 92. Nature. 1934-06-XX, 133 (3372): 898–899 [2021-04-25]. Bibcode:1934Natur.133..898F. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/133898a0. (原始内容存档于2021-10-17) (英语). 
  20. ^ Emsley, John. Nature's building blocks: an A–Z guide to the elements需要免费注册. Oxford University Press. 2003: 341. ISBN 0-19-850340-7. 
  21. ^ Fontani, Marco; Costa, Mariagrazia; Orna, Mary Virginia. The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side. Oxford University Press. 2015: 172–173 [2021-04-25]. ISBN 978-0-19-938334-4. (原始内容存档于2021-04-18). 
  22. ^ XIII. On the spectra of some of the nebulœ. A supplement to the paper “On the spectra of some of the fixed stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864-12-31, 154: 437–444 [2021-04-25]. Bibcode:1864RSPT..154..437H. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 108876. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0013. (原始内容存档于2021-12-25) (英语). 
  23. ^ Bowen, I. S. The Origin of the Nebulium Spectrum. Nature. 1927-10-XX, 120 (3022): 473–473 [2021-04-25]. Bibcode:1927Natur.120..473B. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/120473a0. (原始内容存档于2021-12-24) (英语). 
  24. ^ Rose, H. On a new metal, pelopium, contained in the Bavarian tantalite. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 1846-11-XX, 29 (195): 409–416. ISSN 1941-5966. doi:10.1080/14786444608645529 (英语). 
  25. ^ Rose, H. On two new metals, pelopium and niobium, discovered in the bavarian tantalites. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 1845-02-XX, 26 (171): 179–181. ISSN 1941-5966. doi:10.1080/14786444508562692 (英语). 
  26. ^ Niobium und Pelopium. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 1846, 60 (2): 206–208. doi:10.1002/jlac.18460600233 (德语).